Wednesday, April 27, 2016

Number System



The representation of the numbers in the mathematics is called the Number System.

Family Tree of Number



1. Natural Numbers: Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 … are called natural numbers.

2. Whole Numbers: All counting numbers together with zero form the set of whole numbers.  0,1,2,3,4,5 …

3. Integers: All  natural  numbers,  0  and  negatives  of  counting numbers i.e.,…,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,….. together form the set of integers.

(i) Positive Integers: 1, 2, 3, 4….. is the set of all positive integers.

(ii) Negative Integers: −1, −2, −3… is the set of all negative integers.

(iii) Non-Positive and Non-Negative Integers: 0 is neither positive nor negative.

4. Even Numbers: A number divisible by 2 is called an even number, ex. 2,4, 6, 8, etc.

5. Odd Numbers: A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number. e.g. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 etc.

6. Prime Numbers: A number greater than 1 is called a prime number, if it has exactly two factors, namely 1 and the number itself.

7. Composite Numbers: Numbers  greater  than  1  which  are  not  prime,  are known  as composite numbers, e.g., 4,6,8,9,10,12.

8. Rational Numbers: A rational number is a number that can be in the form  p/q , where p and q are integers and q is not equal to zero. e.g : 1, 3, -1, 5/2, 3/7.
9. Irrational Numbers: An Irrational Number is a real number that cannot be written as a simple fraction. Irrational means not Rational. e.g :  , √2, √5, √8/11.

10. Real Numbers: All rational and irrational numbers are called. e.g : 3 , √8, √6/5, - √25, -5.

Notable Point:
  
            1.    1 is neither prime nor composite.
                 2.    0 is neither positive nor negative.
                 3.   2 is the only even number which is prime.
                 4.   There are 25 prime numbers between 1 and 100.





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